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Submit a photoBeaked Hazelnut
Corylus cornuta
pakânak(Cree)
Beaked hazelnut is Alberta's only native nut-bearing shrub, common at woodland edges and in moist coulees and ravines from the Aspen Parkland north into the Boreal. The 1 to 3 m multi-stemmed shrubs produce edible nuts (smaller than European filberts but flavourful and rich in oils) wrapped in a distinctive long, bristly, tubular husk that gives the species its 'beaked' name. The nuts ripen in late August and early September; squirrels and blue jays usually beat human harvesters by several days, so check often. Beaked hazelnut is a Cree food plant (Cree name pakânak), traditionally harvested by Indigenous peoples across the boreal forest. Wind-pollinated, with male catkins that lengthen and shed pollen in early April while the soil is still half frozen. For yields, plant at least two unrelated seedlings. An excellent wildlife and edible-landscape shrub; the fall foliage is clear butter yellow.
Quick Facts
Distribution
Native across Alberta from the Aspen Parkland into the Boreal Forest. Common in coulees and woodland edges. Hardy throughout the province (Zone 2/3).
Light
Part shade to full sun. Woodland-edge species; tolerates more shade than most fruiting shrubs.
Bloom Time
Early April (wind-pollinated catkins, well before leaves emerge)
Soil
Moist, well-drained loam with good organic content. Tolerates clay with adequate drainage. Slightly acidic to neutral pH preferred but adaptable.
Water
Moderate. Appreciates consistent moisture, especially during nut development in July and August. Drought-stressed plants drop nuts early.
Growing & Cultivation
Best Planting Time
Spring or fall. Bare-root in early spring while dormant is the most economical option.
Propagation
Seed (cold-stratify nuts 90 to 120 days). Layering of low branches works reliably. Suckers from established plants can be divided in early spring.
Pruning / Splitting
Minimal. Remove dead or crossing branches in late winter. Mature shrubs benefit from removing the oldest stems at the base every few years.
Seed Collection
Pick beaked husks in late August and early September, before they fall and before squirrels strip them. Cure husks in a paper bag for two weeks, then peel off the bristly tubes. Wear gloves; the bristles itch.
Spacing
2 to 3 m. Plant at least two for cross-pollination and a meaningful nut harvest.
Always verify plant identification with multiple sources before consuming any wild plant. This information is for educational purposes only.
