⚠️
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Submit a photoYellow Toadflax
Linaria vulgaris
⚠️ NOXIOUS — a cheerful-looking perennial from Europe with snapdragon-like bright-yellow flowers with orange centres. Also called Butter-and-Eggs. Spreads both by seed (500,000+ per plant) and by creeping rhizome. A serious problem in Alberta rangelands; don't be fooled by its appearance at garden centres (illegal to sell).
Quick Facts
Distribution
Widespread in Alberta rangeland, roadsides, gardens
Light
Full sun
Bloom Time
June–Sept
Soil
Adaptable — prefers sandy/gravelly well-drained
Water
Low to moderate
Use Caution— Contains mildly toxic glycosides; pets rarely eat enough to cause issues
Growing & Cultivation
Propagation
DO NOT PROPAGATE. Control: herbicide; hand-pulling largely ineffective due to rhizomes. Biological control stem weevils available in Alberta.